Laminated lining material



Nov. 1, 1938; F. H. RUSSELL LAMINATED LINING MATERIAL- Filed Aug. 15, 1936 1km zfz wszz 2y MLOSO'LL (IBM-mung fliiorne y Patented Nov. 1, 1938. 2,135,473

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LAMINATED LINING MATERIAL Frank H. Russell, Needham, Mass, assignor to Pepperell Manufacturing Company, Boston, Mass., a corporation of Massachusetts Application August 15, 1936, Serial No. 96,217- Claims. (Cl. 154-46) This invention relates to laminated lining mastiffness when flexed in one direction and, yet, terials and particularly to a laminated textile is extremely soft and flexible when bent in a fabric which, although possessing many uses, is direction normal thereto. peculiarly adapted to the lining of shoe uppers. In carrying out my invention, I coat any suit- The objects of the invention are to produce a able flexible sheet material with a cement acmaterial" which is highly flexible when bent in cording to the process which I have set forth in one direction and stiff when bent in a direction my United States application, Serial #649,340, normal thereto; to produce a combination lining filed December 29, 1932, Patent No. 2,054,448, which possesses a hitherto unattainable degree September 15, 1936, and I immediately apply of breathability and yet maintain a secure, dethereover the plumper or doubler layer of napped 10 pendable adhesive bond; and, to permit the fabric.

' laminating process to proceed in a quick and ex- To secure the best results fiom this process, peditious manner. These and other objects of it is necessary that the cement have a sufficiently the invention will become apparent from the high viscosity or plasticity so that it will not specification and from the drawing in which the flow laterally when the doubler layer is applied, 15 single figure illustrates a swatch of my improved but, this is a characteristic which is quite comcombination lining showing one ply turned back mon in many commercial cements. A most satisto illustrate better the method of its construcfactory adhesive is a Water dispersion containing 1 tion. five parts of casein and ten parts of rubber (dry When light leathers are used in shoes, it is weight). The stiffness may be controlled by 20' customary to give the shoe a plump feeling and a varying the relative proportion of casein or by neat appearance by the use of a plumper or adding glue. For example, a very stiff lining is doubler. This usually is a sheet of textile pro uced y sing a m n cont inn in; material napped, as required, on one or on both five parts, rubber, ten parts, glue, five parts sides. In previous combination linings the (dry weight). Frequently, it is desirable to vul- 25 doubler has been cemented to the shoe lining canize the cement and this may be done if sul- With any one of a large number of commercial phur and accelerators are added to the disperdoubling cements. Usually, the lining is made sion in a manner which is now well known. of any hard, dense, woven textile such as twill, Referring to the figure, it will be seen that the coutil, or in certain instances, leather, but when combination lining I0 is composed of a lining 30 such a composition lining is assembled in the layer II and a doubler layer l2 which are united shoe upper it will be found that two very desirby a layer of cement which exists in thick stripes able features are lacking. First, such linings I5'and thin intermediate portions I6. This, as possess very low breathability because the cement I disclosed in my above mentioned patent, is best layer effectively blocks the passage of air through applied by means of a notched doctor blade 35 the fabric and, second, 'if sufficient cement is which spreads the cement and forms the ridges applied to supply a dependable bond, linings are I5 as the fabric H is drawn under the blade. In equally stiff in all directions and give a boardy the areas IS, the cement is exceedingly thin feeling to a light shoe. High breathability is and may even exist as a discontinuous film which 40 of great importance because the comfort of the exhibits high adhesive properties almost in- 4 wearer depends upon the rate at which moisture stantaneously. Consequently, the doubler l2 and air are transferred through the lining, but, may be immediately applied against the wet because combination linings hitherto have been cement and be permanently stuck with no danger relatively impervious, it quite frequently happens of slipping. The drawing shows a single napped that the shoe manufacturer prefers to die out doubler. In this case, the fabric sidel3 is always 45 the doublenthe lining and the upper separately laid against the cement, while the napping i4 and to assemble allrthree prior to the lasting forms the outer surface, but a double napped operation. In the manufacture of women's sumdoubler is frequently desirable and often used. mer footwear, it is frequently desirable that The cement may be compounded as by the there be no box toe, but that the upper and addition of substantial quantities of glue or casein 50 lining together shall possess enough stiffness to to have material stiffness in the thick stripes l5 maintain the shape and neat appearance of the and, therefore, when the lining is bent in a direcshoe throughout its life. tion along the stripes, it will be found that it pos- I have discovered that it is possible to produce sesses material stiffness and will arch and a combination lining which has very material stand up well. The cement in the areas l6, how- 55 through the sheet very readily.

ever, is so thin that it introduces almost no resistance to bending and, so, when such a lining is incorporated in a shoe with the cementing direction running across the toe, it will be found that the shoe possesses an extraordinary degree of flexibility. The residual cement in the areas- IG possesses enough adhesiveness to prevent piping or wrinkling during wear, but it is the thick mass of cement in the stripes l5 upon which I depend to produce, when finally dried or vulcanized, a very strong, wear resistant, adhesive bond.

By setting the doctor blade close so that the surface of the fabric is rubbed or scraped in the areas IS, the film which remains is broken up into such a discontinuous system that air may pass As an example of this, tests made on material as previously manufactured show that the breathability of an over-all cemented material is 204 seconds, while that made according to my present invention is less than one second. Breathability is measured by the number of seconds required for cubic centimeters of air to pass through one square inch of fabric under a uniform pressure. The tests were made on a standard densometer. This enormous increase contributes greatly to the comfort of the wearer ofthe shoe and, also, permits economies to be made in' manufacture, since, to obtain high breathability, it is no longer necessary to cut out the lining and the doubler separately.

My invention is by no means limited to the lining of shoes, but finds use wherever light materials need plumping or reinforcement, as in pocket books, etc. Nor, is it necessary that, the lining element H always be a textile. Light leather may be coated with cement in the manner which I describe and plumped or doubled by the application of a napped doubler immediately fol-.

' lowing, and, although I consider that the method which I have described offers the simplest means for achieving my purpose and produces a better product, since the residual adhesive in the areas l6 prevents any scufling or piping in use, it is not necessary that the cement be applied either to the lining or doubler as a continuous film, but it may be applied in a series of stripes ii to leave the areas l6 entirely free of cement.

It will be seen that I have produced a combination or laminated lining which may be cemented in the piece expeditiously and inexpensively in the textile mill; which avoids the expense of separate cutting-out and assembly; which, although holding the lining elements together by a durable, strong bond, is yet free from the uncomfortable, rubber-boot sensation heretofore always associated with laminated linings; and, which,., ,in addition, possessses .suiillcient transverse stiffness to'maintain the neat, well- Tasted appearance of the shoe.

1. Laminated material comprising two textile fabrics united by an adhesive layer applied to one of said fabrics in a series of lines of thick and thin portions, forming a repeated pattern, the film of adhesive in the thin portions being discontinuous and being of such area relative to the area covered by the thick portions that the composite laminated material is rendered highly pervious.

2. Laminated material comprising two textile fabrics united by an adhesive layer applied to one of said fabrics in a series of alternately thick and thin striations, the film of adhesive in the thin striations being discontinuous and being of such area relative to the area covered by the thick striations that the composite laminated material is rendered highly pervlous.

3; Laminated material comprising two textile fabrics united by an adhesive-layer applied to one of said fabrics in a series of alternately .thick and thin striations, whereby to impart substantial stiflness when the material is flexed alon the striations and great flexability when flexed across the striations, the film of adhesive in the thin striations being discontinuous and being of sucharea relative to the area covered by the thick striations that the composite laminated material is rendered highly pervious.

' 4. Laminated material comprising a lining layer of textile fabric, a doubler layer of napped textile fabric and an intermediate adhesive layer having a series of striations of unequal thickness in its surface so distributed in regard to thickness that the thick portions impart substantial binding and transverse stiffness, the remaining portions being discontinuous and so thin and pervious andof such area relative to the area covered by the thickened portions as to secure a breathability of the laminated material corresponding to that of about ten seconds as determined on a standard densometer.

5. Laminated material comprising a lining layer of textile fabric, a doubler layer of napped textile fabric and an intermediate adhesive layer having a series of striations of unequal thickness in its surface so distributed in regard to thickness that the thick portions impart substantial binding and transverse stiffness, the remaining portions being discontinuous and so thin and pervious and of such area. relative to the area covered by the thickened portions as to secure a breathability of the laminated material corresponding to that of about one second as determined on a standard densometer.

FRANK H. RUSSELL; 

